Reham A. Al-Anssari
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 1-7
Abstract
This study investigates the photoprotective properties of Boswellia species resin, commonlyknown as frankincense, and evaluates its potential as a natural sunscreen agent. Considering theincreasing interest in natural skincare alternatives, this research examines the ultraviolet (UV)absorption characteristics ...
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This study investigates the photoprotective properties of Boswellia species resin, commonlyknown as frankincense, and evaluates its potential as a natural sunscreen agent. Considering theincreasing interest in natural skincare alternatives, this research examines the ultraviolet (UV)absorption characteristics and the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of frankincense extracts. Threedistinct formulations were prepared: a standard zinc oxide suspension, a macerated frankincenseextract, and a sonicated frankincense extract. Spectrophotometric analysis was employed todetermine the absorbance spectra in the 290-320 nm range, and SPF values were calculated usingthe Mansur equation. In addition, a preliminary phytochemical screening of the frankincense resinwas conducted to identify the presence of key bioactive compounds, including flavonoids,polyphenols, and alkaloids. Results indicated that the sonicated frankincense extract exhibited asignificantly higher SPF value than the macerated extract and the standard zinc oxide suspension.This suggests that the extraction method significantly influences the photoprotective efficacy ofthe resin. The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids in frankincense. Thisstudy scientifically validates the traditional use of frankincense in skincare, highlighting itspotential as a natural source of UV protection. The findings highlight the importance of extractiontechniques in optimizing the photoprotective properties of natural products.
Ali Ramadhan Ibrahim and Yousif Jabbar Al-Timime
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 8-17
Abstract
Integrate dentistry and informatics have emerged in the emergence of a new technology like 3dprinting.The objective of the study was to evolve the effectiveness of nanoparticles on some importantmechanical properties for the base of denture which is made by 3d printing. The procedure ofwork was first ...
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Integrate dentistry and informatics have emerged in the emergence of a new technology like 3dprinting.The objective of the study was to evolve the effectiveness of nanoparticles on some importantmechanical properties for the base of denture which is made by 3d printing. The procedure ofwork was first collected and analyzed, and relevant articles were chosen, the general databaseswere searched for articles published that appeared between 2010 and 2024, and we groupedrelevant search terms, such as 3D-printer denture base, nanoparticles, mechanical test Thisreview was develop using the literature search was performed with PubMed/MEDLINE, Web ofScience and EMBASE databases, until 30 June 2024.Printing resin presented the values of the flexural strength, tensile, and impact strength wereimproved by addition with a limited concentration of ZrO2 and TiO2 compared between themwhile indirect tensile and hardness appeared different results. The roughness does not appear anydifferent value.
Ali Khalid Jassem, Wissam Abdul-Ameer Ali Fareed, Dhyaa Shinyar Hamed
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 18-26
Abstract
Background: needle stick injuries expose healthcare workers to blood-borne viruses includingHIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, they pose a serious occupational danger. To lessen these risks,infection prevention procedures must be understood and followed. Objective: This research seeksto assess healthcare ...
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Background: needle stick injuries expose healthcare workers to blood-borne viruses includingHIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, they pose a serious occupational danger. To lessen these risks,infection prevention procedures must be understood and followed. Objective: This research seeksto assess healthcare workers' understanding, habits, and views of needle stick injuries and todetermine the variables affecting their compliance with preventative measures. Methods:descriptive cross-sectional research study with 400 healthcare workers from various healthfacilities. We gathered data using standardized questionnaires that focused on demographicfactors, functional roles, awareness, practices, and NSI views. Result: The majority of participantswere aged 20–29 years (62.5%), mostly male (70.8%), and resided in metropolitan regions(75.8%). Moderate awareness levels were seen in 54.8% of healthcare workers, accompanied bynotable deficiencies in knowledge of viral survival periods. Good behaviors were noted in 59.2%of participants, especially for infection control measures such as hand cleanliness and sharpsdisposal. Conclusion: The study found that most healthcare workers have a moderate level ofawareness about needle stick injuries.
Saja Hameed Ali and Samah Amer Hammood
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 27-38
Abstract
Methods: The study aimed to assess the age, body mass index (BMI), Period of_Infertility Counts, types of infertility distribution of patients diagnosed with prostatichyperplasia and prostate cancer in Najaf, Iraq. The data was categorized into two agegroups: less than 40 years and more than 40 years. ...
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Methods: The study aimed to assess the age, body mass index (BMI), Period of_Infertility Counts, types of infertility distribution of patients diagnosed with prostatichyperplasia and prostate cancer in Najaf, Iraq. The data was categorized into two agegroups: less than 40 years and more than 40 years. BMI was categorized into twogroups: less than 25 kg/m2and more than 25 kg/m2. The Chi-square test evaluatedstatistical significance to analyze how prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer affecteddistribution patterns of azoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia,oligozoospermia, and unexplained infertility.Results: A significant association was found between age and prostate condition (X2= 48.21, P = 0.0001). Prostate cancer was significantly more prevalent in men over 40(77.3%), while Prostate Hyperplasia was observed in both age groups, with a slightlyhigher percentage in men under 40 (51.7%). No statistically significant association wasfound between BMI and the presence of prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer. TheBMI distribution was similar between the two groups, with a slightly higher prevalenceof normal/healthy weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) in both conditions. No statisticallysignificant association was found between "Period_of Infertility Counts" and thepresence of prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer. The distribution of"Period_Infertility Counts" was similar between the two groups. Research establishedan important connection between infertility type and prostate condition occurrence."Unexplained Infertility" was the most common type in both prostatic hyperplasia(84.5%) and prostate cancer (50.0%). However, the distribution of other infertility typesdiffered significantly between the two groups. Older age (OR = 3.64, p = 0.024), fertileperiods greater than 5 years (OR = 4.87, p = 0.035), azoospermia (OR = 28.00, p =0.005), and a combination of asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, andoligozoospermia (OR = 9.62, p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with increasedodds of "P. Cancer a." BMI and fertile periods between 5.1 and 10 years were notsignificantly associated.Conclusion: Older age functions as a primary risk factor leading to prostate cancerdevelopment in this specific demographic. Age serves as a vital element during prostatedisease diagnosis and management because Prostate Hyperplasia happens in men atdifferent age groups. Research findings showed that BMI had no impact on prostatichyperplasia diagnosis or prostate cancer presence in addition to Period of _InfertilityCounts posing no connection to these conditions. The type of male infertilityAli & Hamood, 11,3 (27-38), 202528establishes the risk of prostate cancer together with age and particular male fertilityfactors thus making these variables significant predictors for prostate cancer.
Suaad Mohsen Jassim and Saher Mahmood Jwad
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 39-55
Abstract
This look at aimed to discover the bioactive compounds in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruitsusing aqueous and ethanolic extracts. GC-MS analyses revealed quite a few compounds found inthose extracts. Tamarind is a tropical plant native to Africa but broadly cultivated globally. It isknown for its nutrient-wealthy ...
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This look at aimed to discover the bioactive compounds in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruitsusing aqueous and ethanolic extracts. GC-MS analyses revealed quite a few compounds found inthose extracts. Tamarind is a tropical plant native to Africa but broadly cultivated globally. It isknown for its nutrient-wealthy houses and numerous health blessings. It is thought for its nutrientrich houses and numerous health benefits. In latest years, interest in herbal antioxidants and theirrole in ailment prevention and treatment has grown. Tamarind consists of an excessive attention ofpolyphenols and flavonoids, which can be presumed to be the primary materials liable for itspowerful antioxidant houses. The phenolic compounds in tamarind make contributions to heart andimmune health, along with their antimicrobial and antineoplastic consequences. Flavonoids foundin numerous parts of the plant are also recognized for their anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, andlipid-lowering homes, making them beneficial inside the control of several fitness conditions. Thisstudy investigates the bioactive compounds in tamarind and their associated organic activities.
Hussein Ahmad , Suhad Mohammed
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 56-67
Abstract
Pink eye or conjunctivitis remains one of the most widespread eye infections whereStaphylococcus aureus which is both virulent and antibiotic-resistant stands among severalinfecting pathogens as a Gram-positive bacterium. This study aimed to characterizeStaphylococcus aureus in conjunctivitis, focusing ...
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Pink eye or conjunctivitis remains one of the most widespread eye infections whereStaphylococcus aureus which is both virulent and antibiotic-resistant stands among severalinfecting pathogens as a Gram-positive bacterium. This study aimed to characterizeStaphylococcus aureus in conjunctivitis, focusing on antimicrobial susceptibility Patterns, effluxpumps and virulence genes. The researchers obtained 150 sample collections from patientsexperiencing symptoms of conjunctivitis at From Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital along with AlHaboubi General Hospital in Ophthalmology Consultant at Dhi-Qar Governorate in Iraqthroughout August to December 2024. These samples received culture on blood, chocolate, andMacConkey agar media. Of the isolates, 34 (40%) were typed as Staphylococcus aureus by theVitek2 compact system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance in some of the isolates,and further assessment of efflux pump activity was conducted by the ethidium bromide cartwheelmethod. Of the 20 resistant isolates, 7 (20.6%) were found to have efflux pump activity. Molecularanalysis by PCR identified the presence of three virulence genes sigB, katG, and clfA in all effluxpositive isolates. The genes perform multiple functions which include stress response together withoxidative defense and host adhesion mechanisms and specifically contribute to Staphylococcusaureus pathogenicity of conjunctivitis. The article highlights Staphylococcus aureus's survival andadaptation through antibiotic resistance and virulence factor mechanisms and producingdifficulties in bacterial conjunctivitis control.
Hussian Younis Uoda , Nibras Saleam Al-Ammar , Ali Naeem Salman
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 68-77
Abstract
In recent years, asthmatic patients recorded a high prevalence worldwide. The aim of the studywas to address knowledge gaps in asthmatic cases with combination of factors affecting theepidemiology of the disease in Southern region of Iraq. A cross-sectional study had been donefrom October 2024 until ...
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In recent years, asthmatic patients recorded a high prevalence worldwide. The aim of the studywas to address knowledge gaps in asthmatic cases with combination of factors affecting theepidemiology of the disease in Southern region of Iraq. A cross-sectional study had been donefrom October 2024 until April 2024. A total of 250 asthmatic patients from Southern regions inIraq aged from 7 years to 80 years, with and without recurrent respiratory infections. In additionto patients who have been diagnosed by specialized clinicians and registered at Thi Qar Centerfor Respiratory diseases (TQLD) and evaluated through follow up visits. Results recorded a nonsignificant difference between patients according to sex and age group. High significantdifference with P-value <0.001 have been scored in non-smoker patients, patients with threerespiratory tract infections (RTI), disease severity, duration of disease of (< 1 year), patient whohad no family history of asthma, patient who have four sibs and who were the third orderbetween their sibs. Conclusion: knowledge gaps have been well addressed in studied asthmaticcases.
Ghadeer Ridha Mhaibes and Sahib Yahya Al-Murshidi
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 78-85
Abstract
Male infertility exists as a complex medical issue which depends on multiple physiological andbiochemical factors particularly lipid metabolism and genetic integrity. The research evaluated howlipid profile characteristics relate to DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in Iraqi men who have eithernormal or ...
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Male infertility exists as a complex medical issue which depends on multiple physiological andbiochemical factors particularly lipid metabolism and genetic integrity. The research evaluated howlipid profile characteristics relate to DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in Iraqi men who have eithernormal or abnormal semen test results. The study enrolled 90 male participants who included 46 menwith normal semen characteristics between ages 20 to 45 and 44 men with abnormal semenparameters. Semen samples underwent analysis for standard parameters and lipid profile and DFI.The aberrant semen group displayed elevated triglyceride (TG) levels at 19.32±5.60 mg/dl whichexceeded normal group levels at 14.50±4.62 mg/dl (P<0.01). The analysis revealed no significantvariation between cholesterol (CHO) levels (P=0.410) but LDL levels of the aberrant semen group(6.38±4.12 mg/dl) significantly diverged from the normal group levels (9.03±3.43 mg/dl withP<0.01). The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) levels of the aberrant semen group exceeded those ofthe normal semen group by a significant margin (31.66±16.15% versus 13.54±9.49%, P<0.01). Thisindicates that men with poor semen quality typically present with sperm DNA damage. The researchfindings suggest that abnormal lipid metabolism together with increased DNA fragmentation plays arole in male infertility development particularly among men with abnormal semen analysis results.
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 86-103
Abstract
A high percentage of participants (92.7%) reported consuming sugar-sweetened beverages. Additionally, 62.8% believed that manufactured sugars are worse than sugar contained in SSBs, while only 28.9% demonstrated a good level of awareness. Moreover, 26.8% showed an acceptable level of knowledge, whereas ...
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A high percentage of participants (92.7%) reported consuming sugar-sweetened beverages. Additionally, 62.8% believed that manufactured sugars are worse than sugar contained in SSBs, while only 28.9% demonstrated a good level of awareness. Moreover, 26.8% showed an acceptable level of knowledge, whereas 44.3% had a low level of awareness—highlighting the need to improve health awareness in this area.Furthermore, the study revealed that the overall knowledge level was insufficient to improve overall perception. The results did not show any statistically significant correlation between level of perception and specific demographic factors such as age group, gender, or place of residence.However, other demographic and social factors—such as educational level, socioeconomic status, and body mass index (BMI) categories—showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001).
Anwer Kadhim Bazma , Wisam Abdul-Ameer Ali Fareed , Jabbar Taresh Ahmed
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 104-116
Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are important medicines that require great awareness in their use toavoid bacterial resistance, as their misuse is considered one of the most prominent global healthchallenges. Objective: this study aims to assess the level of practice of patients towardantibiotics use. Methodology: ...
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Background: Antibiotics are important medicines that require great awareness in their use toavoid bacterial resistance, as their misuse is considered one of the most prominent global healthchallenges. Objective: this study aims to assess the level of practice of patients towardantibiotics use. Methodology: cross-sectional study was conducted in selected governmenthospitals in Al-Najaf city from 1 September 2024 until the end of January 2025 to assess thepractice of patients on antibiotic use. Data were collected from 400 patients using a structuredquestionnaire and analyzed using SPSS-27. Results: the results of this study indicate that59.8% of patients have a moderate practice score, followed by 20.2% of the participants havea good practice score, and only 20.0% of patients have a poor practice score. The results of thisstudy reveal that there is a significant relationship between demographic characteristics (suchas age groups, residence, gender, marital status, educational level, high professional occupationand socioeconomic status) and overall practices score (P. value <0.05). Conclusion: The studyconclude that more than half of patients have moderate level of practices about antibiotic use.The study concludes that older married patients who live in urban areas, have high educationlevel, high occupational status, and high socio-economic status have good practice scoretoward antibiotics.
Hadeer Badin Rabie , Jabbar Taresh Ahmed , Wasen Abdul Ameer Ali , Mahmood Thamer Altemimi
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 117-135
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a significant health problem. Manystudies have reported that intensive nutritional intervention by itself or in addition tomedications is the best method to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus,helps improve diabetes outcomes by assisting ...
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a significant health problem. Manystudies have reported that intensive nutritional intervention by itself or in addition tomedications is the best method to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus,helps improve diabetes outcomes by assisting patients in achieving a target glycatedhemoglobin (HbA1c) level of <7.Aim of Study: Exploring dietary carbohydrate and fiber intake pattern in patients withwith non-insulin-dependent diabetes and its effect on diabetes control on sample of adultsin Thi-qar Governorate /Iraq. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 250patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes who were attending Thi-Qar SpecializedDiabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Center (TDEMC), The data was gathered through inperson interviews with patients through questionnaires distributed on the basis of axes(Socio-demographic and health characteristics of participants, Assessment ofcarbohydrates and fibres intake patterns of patients. Results: The results of this studyindicate that 88.4% of patients follow foods that contain unhealthy carbohydrates. While11.6% of diabetic patients follow a healthy diet. Iin contrast, the results of this studyindicate that 47.6% of patients follow healthy foods that contain fibers, 39.6% of patientsRabie et. al., 11,3(117-135), 2025with T2DM follow neutral fiber diet. While 12.8% of diabetic patients follow a unhealthyfiber diet.A very high percentage ( 86.4%) of the patients with T2DM have high levels ofHbA1c. The mean of HbA1c was 8.97±2.237 (with range; 5.7-14.9). Additionally, theresults found there were negative correlation between HbA1c with carbohydrates scoresand fiber scores (r=-0.504 and r=-0.312) respectively. Conclusion: This cross-sectionalstudy showed that there was negative correlation between HbA1c with carbohydratesscores and fiber scores
Arkan Kh Shakr Sabonchi
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 136-158
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, spanning from smart home appliances towearable technology, has significantly heightened concerns regarding security and privacy acrossvarious sectors. As cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated and frequent, the urgency forrobust, adaptable ...
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The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, spanning from smart home appliances towearable technology, has significantly heightened concerns regarding security and privacy acrossvarious sectors. As cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated and frequent, the urgency forrobust, adaptable security frameworks within IoT infrastructures is more critical than ever. This studyintroduces a cutting-edge security framework tailored for IoT-based smart door locks, which employsa novel integration of the Chameleon Swarm Algorithm (CSA), Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-256,and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). We conducted comprehensive performance evaluations in aMicrosoft Visual Studio 2012 environment, where our proposed framework was benchmarked againstconventional hybrid methods based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Firefly Algorithm such as -SHA-256-ECC-GA and SHA-256-ECC-FA. These evaluations demonstrated that our frameworksignificantly enhances security performance, achieving up to 15.17% faster encoding times at 100iterations and markedly quicker decoding times at 150 iterations compared to the benchmarktechniques. The improvements confirm the framework’s effectiveness in not only bolstering IoTdevice security but also in its potential for scalability and adaptability across diverse IoT applications.
Sarah Ahmed Jawad Ruaa SH
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 159-165
Abstract
Background: Excessive inflammation in bladder cancer cases often leads to complications,and UTIs have been shown to strengthen existing bladder inflammation. IL-1β and TNF-αfunction as crucial during this process. The inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatorycytokines, guide infection defense ...
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Background: Excessive inflammation in bladder cancer cases often leads to complications,and UTIs have been shown to strengthen existing bladder inflammation. IL-1β and TNF-αfunction as crucial during this process. The inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatorycytokines, guide infection defense against UTIs and cancer susceptibility and progression.Aim of the study: The first objective of this research was to assess and differentiate IL-1βand TNF-α concentrations in bladder cancer patients with recurring or without UTIs. Thisresearch examined how UTIs affect bladder cancer patients' inflammatory cytokines in theirbloodstream while studying whether such infections correlate with cytokine measurements.Methods: Researchers obtained 76 blood samples totaling 2ml from bladder cancer patientsthroughout the Oncology Center in Najaf Governorate from June 2024 until December 2024.This investigation included patient populations between the ages of 45 to 75 years.Researchers measured IL-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) concentrationsthrough bladder cancer samples obtained from 40 patients with UTIs versus samples obtainedfrom 36 patients who did not develop UTIs. Blood samples were collected from healthyindividuals to serve as a control group. Results: This study analyzed 76 blood samples frombladder cancer patients,40 of whom also had a urinary tract infection (UTI), including 30males and 10 females aged 50–75. The remaining 36 patients, all males aged 60–70, hadbladder cancer without UTI. Additionally, 30 healthy individuals served as controls.Immunological analysis showed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in bladdercancer patients with UTI compared to those without UTI and the control group. Notably,TNF-α levels were highest in the UTI group (1.7525 ± 0.0693) and progressively lower innon-UTI patients and controls. A similar pattern was seen for IL-1β, with UTI patientsshowing the highest levels (1.7217 ± 0.0387), followed by non-UTI patients (1.2705 ±0.0557), and controls (0.7585 ± 0.0458). These differences were statistically significant (p =0.0001).
Iqbal Abd-Alaziz Hzam
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 166-175
Abstract
The results of blood factor analysis of rabbits given (10) micrograms of selenium orally, and thosegiven (10) micrograms of selenium with 0.4 mg of vitamin E added for (30) days showed a clearsignificant decrease in the values of hemoglobin Hb, the number of red blood cells RBC, and thevalues of packed ...
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The results of blood factor analysis of rabbits given (10) micrograms of selenium orally, and thosegiven (10) micrograms of selenium with 0.4 mg of vitamin E added for (30) days showed a clearsignificant decrease in the values of hemoglobin Hb, the number of red blood cells RBC, and thevalues of packed red blood cell volume PCV in the treated rabbits. MCV and MCH values alsosignificantly increased in rabbits given selenium, and then significantly increased in rabbits treatedwith selenium supplemented with vitamin E compared to the control group. A significant increasein the number of white blood cells was also observed in the selenium and vitamin E groupcompared to the selenium and control groups at a probability level of P = 0.05. Regarding thedifferential count, the number of lymphocytes was significantly higher compared to the controlgroup (Figure (7). The values of the GPT and GOT enzymes also significantly increased (P = 0.05)in the selenium-treated rabbits, while these values decreased in the selenium and vitamin E groupbut remained higher than in the control group.
Hussein A. Naser, Basil A. Abbas*, Ali B. Al-Deewan
Volume 11, Issue 3 , July 2025, Pages 176-182
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen commonly implicated inurinary tract infections (UTIs) in both humans and animals. This study aimed to isolate andidentify P. mirabilis from urine samples of humans, cats, and dogs, and to evaluate the presenceand genetic variability of selected ...
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Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen commonly implicated inurinary tract infections (UTIs) in both humans and animals. This study aimed to isolate andidentify P. mirabilis from urine samples of humans, cats, and dogs, and to evaluate the presenceand genetic variability of selected virulence genes. A total of 150 urine samples (50 from each hostspecies) were collected using sterile techniques. Isolation was performed on HiCrome UTI agar,and identification was confirmed using the VITEK-2 system. PCR was employed to detect fourvirulence genes: ureC, hpmA, mrpA, and ureR, followed by sequencing and SNP analysis. Out ofthe 150 samples, 18 isolates were identified as P. mirabilis. DNA sequencing revealed varyingnumbers of SNPs among the genes, with mrpA exhibiting the highest polymorphism, suggestingpotential genetic diversity and adaptation mechanisms. These findings highlight the zoonoticpotential of P. mirabilis and emphasize the importance of molecular characterization to understandits virulence and evolutionary dynamics in different hosts.
