Document Type : Original Article
Author
Abstract
Background: Excessive inflammation in bladder cancer cases often leads to complications,
and UTIs have been shown to strengthen existing bladder inflammation. IL-1β and TNF-α
function as crucial during this process. The inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory
cytokines, guide infection defense against UTIs and cancer susceptibility and progression.
Aim of the study: The first objective of this research was to assess and differentiate IL-1β
and TNF-α concentrations in bladder cancer patients with recurring or without UTIs. This
research examined how UTIs affect bladder cancer patients' inflammatory cytokines in their
bloodstream while studying whether such infections correlate with cytokine measurements.
Methods: Researchers obtained 76 blood samples totaling 2ml from bladder cancer patients
throughout the Oncology Center in Najaf Governorate from June 2024 until December 2024.
This investigation included patient populations between the ages of 45 to 75 years.
Researchers measured IL-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) concentrations
through bladder cancer samples obtained from 40 patients with UTIs versus samples obtained
from 36 patients who did not develop UTIs. Blood samples were collected from healthy
individuals to serve as a control group. Results: This study analyzed 76 blood samples from
bladder cancer patients,40 of whom also had a urinary tract infection (UTI), including 30
males and 10 females aged 50–75. The remaining 36 patients, all males aged 60–70, had
bladder cancer without UTI. Additionally, 30 healthy individuals served as controls.
Immunological analysis showed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in bladder
cancer patients with UTI compared to those without UTI and the control group. Notably,
TNF-α levels were highest in the UTI group (1.7525 ± 0.0693) and progressively lower in
non-UTI patients and controls. A similar pattern was seen for IL-1β, with UTI patients
showing the highest levels (1.7217 ± 0.0387), followed by non-UTI patients (1.2705 ±0.0557), and controls (0.7585 ± 0.0458). These differences were statistically significant (p =
0.0001).
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